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The Future of Money : How the Digital Revolution Is Transforming Currencies and Finance Hardcover – 5 October 2021
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- Print length446 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherBelknap Press
- Publication date5 October 2021
- Dimensions20.3 x 25.4 x 4.7 cm
- ISBN-100674272226
- ISBN-13978-0674272224
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About the Author
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Product details
- Publisher : Belknap Press (5 October 2021); HarperCollins India Private Limited, A-75, Sector 57, Noida, Uttarpradesh - 201301, Tel no : 0120-4044800
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 446 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0674272226
- ISBN-13 : 978-0674272224
- Item Weight : 810 g
- Dimensions : 20.3 x 25.4 x 4.7 cm
- Country of Origin : USA
- Packer : AAJ Enterprises Pvt Ltd, Khasara No 7/24,25/2,8/21, Safiabad Khari Manjat,Gulzar Bhawan, Sonipat - Narela Road, Liwan, Sector 36, Sonipat, Haryana 131001,PHONE: 085869 67796
- Best Sellers Rank: #58,348 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #50 in Econometrics & Statistics
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Eswar Prasad is the Tolani Senior Professor of Trade Policy at Cornell University. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, where he holds the New Century Chair in International Economics, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He was previously chief of the Financial Studies Division in the International Monetary Fund’s Research Department and, before that, was the head of the IMF’s China Division.
Prasad has testified before various U.S. Congressional committees, including the Senate Finance Committee and House Committee on Financial Services. He was a member of the analytical team that drafted the 2008 report of the High-Level Committee on Financial Sector Reforms set up by the Government of India. He serves on an Advisory Committee to India’s Finance Minister and is the Lead Academic for the DFID-LSE International Growth Center’s India Growth Research Program. He is the creator of the Brookings-Financial Times index of world economic activity (TIGER: Tracking Indices for the Global Economic Recovery; www.ft.com/tiger). His op-ed articles have appeared in the Financial Times, Harvard Business Review, International Herald Tribune, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, and numerous other newspapers.
Eswar Prasad’s previous book, Emerging Markets: Resilience and Growth Amid Global Turmoil (with M. Ayhan Kose; Brookings Institution Press), was published in December 2010. His extensive publication record includes articles in top academic journals as well as numerous collected volumes. He has co-authored and edited numerous books and monographs, including on financial regulation and on China and India. His research interests include the macroeconomics of financial globalization; financial regulation, monetary policy frameworks and exchange rate policies in emerging markets; and the Chinese and Indian economies.
Customer reviews
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Top reviews from India
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"A book is written when there is something specific that has to be discovered. The writer doesn't know what it is, nor where it is, but knows it has to be found. The hunt then begins. The writing begins."
I feel that the author has taken some part of this quote too seriously and started writing this book with no exact plan on where he wants to take the reader. Generally when a book comes from an author of this credential, people expect some perspective and critical thinking on subject(in this case the future of money), the books starts by setting the stage by putting 10000 feet view of money and finance which really serves no purpose as the reader who is interested in knowing about future of money already knows about the current state of finance and its eco system. Rest of the book is written to fill the content, equity, bond market, investment banking, credit, insurance and what not. I pushed myself hard to go page by page and finally gave up.
I am actually amazed, how this book has managed to secure some good words from all the BIG folks in the field of finance such as Raghu Ram Rajan the former governor of the Reserve Bank of India.
Crypto currency is the only chapter that has some meat else there is almost nothing that I liked about this book. Book binding and paper quality is excellent. When it comes to content this is more fluff with absolutely no stuff. There is no perspective from the author on any of the topic, it is simply aggregation of some commonly and easily found content on the internet packaged in a book format.
Initially I wanted to rate this book with 2 star, unfortunately I couldn't convince myself for the simple fact that this book contains ridiculously high 100 pages of references and indexes, i.e. about 25% of the overall book, this simply is to make the book look filled with more content and in reality that book has redundant commentary of 350 pages.
1 STAR for Book binding and paper quality, with respect to content - PLS DONT BUY, NOT RECOMMENDED!
Book is highly informative about the ongoing global finvolution (and confusion) including crypto mania, with many entertaining anecdotes.
Top reviews from other countries

If in view of the above, the reader assumes that the book is an easy read that would be wrong. The book is intrinsically, conceptually difficult, and suitable for the serious reader who, however, would be deeply rewarded.
The book deals with the transformation of currencies and finance effected by the digital revolution.
The book commences with basic concepts:
Money serves three basic functions namely as a unit of account, a medium of exchange, and a store of value. Fiat money is created by an official authority and is usually not backed by anything other than faith in the central bank or the government that stands behind it. Fiat money constitutes legal tender, which means that it must, by law, be accepted for settling any debt obligation to a private party.
The key functions of a financial system essentially comprise to providing products for saving and credit and managing risk; financial intermediation is the process of matching the funds provided by savers with the needs of borrowers.
The task of intermediating savings into investment and thus allocating this capital optimally is accomplished through a variety of financial institutions and markets which also include stock markets and bond markets.
Banks serve a crucial function by bundling short term deposits and then matching them with financing of long-term projects that increase an economy's output and employment.
Payment systems are the arteries that carry the lifeblood of finance. Payments between households and businesses and within these two groups, underpin transactions involving goods, services, and assets. Systems that efficiently transfer money across financial institutions, either within or between countries are also essential to the operation of a financial system. Payment systems ( a term that encompasses systems that enable payments to be initiated, cleared and settled ) are thus a key a key part to the financial infrastructure.
Payment systems can be classified broadly into three categories: retail, wholesale ( interbank ) and cross-border.
To improve communications related to cross-border transactions, major banks from a number of countries set up the Society of Worldwide Interbank Telecommunications ( SWIFT ) in 1973 to develop a common protocol for payment messages.
The timing of the Fintech wave might be the result of the fortuitous confluence of factors - a wave of technological advancements, including in mobile and internet - related technologies; a laxer financial regulation; and low interest rates that sparked the search of new sources of profit and lower costs in financial markets, collectively improving the execution of the basic functions of a financial system that is credit, services and insurance. The biggest impact is likely to be on payment systems.
A common theme that link new entrants in Fintech is their use of digital technologies and their largely online existence. Another theme is the use of big data ( analysis of big data obtained from different sources ), machine learning and artificial intelligence tools to automate the application, screening, and approval processes involved in the provision of credit, insurance, and other financial products.
Mobile money - One innovation that has taken root and began to modernize finance in developing countries is modest in terms of technology but transformative in its effects on people's lives -the advent of mobile-based apps designed to facilitate the use of money and banking.
While mobile money takes existing technologies and puts them to transformative uses, the latest wave of Fintech is more often characterized by new technologies some of which are in themselves transformative.
Fintech firms are making forays into areas varying from basic financial intermediation to insurance and payment systems. In each of these areas, new technologies are improving extant business models and sometimes also creating new financial products or ways of doing business.
Bitcoin - Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are digital currencies that are not backed by any government authority ( nor, in most cases by any financial or tangible assets either ) and whose building blocks include some cryptographic tools. Bitcoin and the innovative technology underlying it, referred to as the blockchain, set off a mania for cryptocurrencies. Whatever Bitcoin's ultimate destiny might be, it is the blockchain technology that is likely to become its enduring legacy.
Before discussing how Bitcoin works, it is worth reviewing the key characteristics of an efficient payment system. It must provide a way of identifying and connecting the parties to a transaction; facilitating and validating the actual transaction; making sure the transaction is easily verifiable and also immutable ( cannot be undone or changed later ); and precluding double-spending of the same unit of money. Each of these steps is, on its own, a big technical challenge. Yet, Bitcoin solves them all.
Public and private digital keys constitute the essential elements of anonymous digital payment systems. A digital coin is stamped with the public key of its owner; it would also be associated with the owner's private key to ensure that it has only one owner. Thus each digital coin is identified by two attributes - a public key and the corresponding private key. To transfer the coin, the owner signs the coin ( digitally ) using their private key together with the public key of the next owner: the person to whom they are making the payment. Anyone can ( electronically ) check the public keys of both sender and recipient to verify the chain of ownership.
Sending information related to a massive volume of transactions across computer networks would, however, be slow and cumbersome.
Two mathematical concepts help transform this into a manageable problem: the first element is a cryptographic hash function. This is a mathematical function that takes a string comprising letters and numerals ( which could be a message, a number, or a combination) of arbitrary size and compresses it into another string of letters and numerals of fixed length, called a hash. The function is deterministic, meaning that it will always render the same output when the input is the same. But it is nearly impossible to back out the input from the output. For the purpose of a cryptocurrency, a hash serves as a digital fingerprint of a transaction.
The second element is a Merkle tree which is the case of having to compress information about a set of financial transactions. The corresponding Merkle tree would be built by taking hashes of individual transactions ( each of which is a 'leaf' on the tree ) and then repeatedly applying the hash function to pairs of hashes in a specific progression until there is only one hash. This final output, called the root hash or Merkle root, produces a unique digital fingerprint of the entire set of transactions.
To sum up, the blockchain is a publicly shared ledger of transactions maintained on a decentralized network of computer nodes. Blocks of validated transactions are added to the blockchain through computations performed by individual miners. The consensus mechanism for validated transactions is, thus, decentralized and the blockchain is buttressed by the transparency and the decentralized structure of the network which makes it largely tamperproof. Bitcoin's trustworthiness is aided by the ease of verification of transactions. The system is designed to protect the integrity of the currency without the need of transactions to pass through banks and other third party intermediaries.
I shall conclude the review with the case for issuing Central Bank Digital Currencies ( CBDCs ).
A CBDC has a number of possible benefits, some of which depend on its particular design. First, a CBDC provides greater transactional efficiency than cash, making payments cheaper and quicker. Second, it can serve as a backstop to private sector managed payment systems, avoiding a breakdown of the payment infrastructure during a crisis of confidence. Third, it helps increase financial inclusion, providing low-income households and those in sparsely populated areas easy access to digital payment as well as other financial products and services. Fourth, it has the potential to ease the zero lower bound constraint on monetary policy and also make easier to engineer helicopter drops of central bank money ( without relying won fiscal transfers ). Fifth, it brings informal economic activity out of the shadows, thereby broadening the tax base and reducing tax evasion, which adds up to higher tax revenues for the government. Sixth, its traceability makes it harder to use CBDC for illicit purposes such as laundering of money and financial terrorism.

