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![Moral Uncertainty by [William MacAskill, Krister Bykvist, Toby Ord]](https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/317tjMdXmUS._SY346_.jpg)
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Very often we're uncertain about what we ought, morally, to do. We don't know how to weigh the interests of animals against humans, how strong our duties are to improve the lives of distant strangers, or how to think about the ethics of bringing new people into existence. But we still need to act. So how should we make decisions in the face of such uncertainty?
Though economists and philosophers have extensively studied the issue of decision-making in the face of uncertainty about matters of fact, the question of decision-making given fundamental moral uncertainty has been neglected. Philosophers William MacAskill, Krister Bykvist, and Toby Ord try to fill this gap. Moral Uncertainty argues that there are distinctive norms that govern how one ought to make decisions. It defends an information-sensitive account of how to make such decisions
by developing an analogy between moral uncertainty and social choice, arguing that the correct way to act in the face of moral uncertainty depends on whether the moral theories in which one has credence are merely ordinal, cardinal, or both cardinal and intertheoretically comparable. It tackles the problem of
how to make intertheoretical comparisons, discussing potential solutions and the implications of their view for metaethics and practical ethics.
- ISBN-13978-0198722274
- PublisherOUP Oxford
- Publication date9 September 2020
- LanguageEnglish
- File size1183 KB
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Product description
About the Author
Product details
- ASIN : B08HDH4GGF
- Publisher : OUP Oxford (9 September 2020)
- Language : English
- File size : 1183 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Not Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Print length : 240 pages
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors
I'm Will MacAskill, Associate Professor in Philosophy and Research Fellow at the Global Priorities Institute, University of Oxford. My academic research focuses on the fundamentals of effective altruism - the use of evidence and reason to help others by as much as possible with our time and money, with a particular concentration on how to act given moral uncertainty.
I am the author of Doing Good Better - Effective Altruism and a Radical New Way to Make a Difference, and Moral Uncertainty. My latest book is What We Owe The Future.
I am the Director of the Forethought Foundation for Global Priorities Research, a co-founder and the President of the Centre for Effective Altruism (CEA) and I helped to create the effective altruism movement. Through Giving What We Can, CEA encourages people to commit to donate at least 10% of their income to the most effective charities. CEA also runs over 100 effective altruism local groups, hosts regular effective altruism conferences, and does research into high-impact policy and philanthropic opportunities.
I also co-founded 80,000 Hours, a YCombinator-backed non-profit that provides research and advice on how you can best make a difference through your career.
Toby Ord is a philosopher at Oxford University, working on the big picture questions facing humanity. His earlier work explored the ethics of global poverty, leading him to make a lifelong pledge to donate 10% of his income to the most effective charities helping improve the world. He created a society, Giving What We Can, for people to join this mission, and together its members have pledged over $1.5 billion. He then broadened these ideas by co-founding the Effective Altruism movement in which thousands of people are using reason and evidence to help the lives of others as much as possible.
His current research is on risks that threaten human extinction or the permanent collapse of civilization, and on how to safeguard humanity through these dangers, which he considers to be among the most pressing and neglected issues we face. In his new book, The Precipice, he explains the risks we face, the stakes for humanity, and how we can find a path forward. Toby has advised the World Health Organization, the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, the US National Intelligence Council, and the UK Prime Minister's Office.
tobyord.com
theprecipice.com
givingwhatwecan.org
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Moral Uncertainty offers an account of how to approach this issue. The authors argue that moral uncertainty should be handled analogously to empirical uncertainty, meaning that when you are uncertain about what to do, you should strive to maximize expected choiceworthiness. This is done rather straightforwardly for theories that are intertheoretically comparable and order their options on an interval scale, and under different conditions, the account is extended by the Borda Rule and variance voting. In addition to this account, the authors discuss some implications of moral uncertainty for metaethics and practical ethics, arguing that non-cognitivism has a difficult time accommodating moral uncertainty, and that the implications of moral uncertainty for practical ethics are more complex than what has been assumed so far. They also provide an account of how to assess the expected choiceworthiness of gaining new moral information.
I find this book to provide a great overview of the field of moral uncertainty. It’s creative and exploratory, and finds a good balance between generality and detail, making it accessible even to those new to the field. I especially like the clear language and the use of examples to illustrate different points, as well as its wide scope. It's an enjoyable read that is likely to inspire new thoughts in the reader. I strongly recommend it to all ethicists and to anyone else who isn’t sure about what to do when they don’t know what to do.